![]() ![]() We believe that a central portal specifically designed for scaffold proteins will provide a useful resource to the research community. KEGG, phosphonetworks, phosphoGRID), these databases often contain little information of the scaffold proteins. While many databases were constructed to collect the information of signaling pathways (e.g. The systematic study of scaffold proteins can greatly enhance the understanding of the protein regulation that occurs in eukaryotic organisms. One possible reason is that identification of scaffold proteins is challenging, which requires multiple steps using traditional biochemical techniques, including selection of a candidate scaffold protein, testing the protein-protein interaction and assessment of the signaling pathway. Thus, the scaffold proteins play a crucial role in the signal transduction.Īlthough various signaling pathways are the central topics in many biological fields, researchers pay much less attention on the scaffold proteins. They enhance signaling specificity or increase the signaling efficiency by increasing the local concentration of signaling components. One central role of scaffold proteins is to coordinate feedback loops in signaling pathways, and thus to regulate the signaling response. These proteins mediate a linear pathway among many partner proteins, and mediate pathway branching to multiple outputs as well. The scaffold proteins link multiple signaling proteins together to facilitate signal transduction. The spatial organization achieves high efficacy information transfer on cellular information flow. For example, scaffold protein Ste5 tethers multiple protein kinases in the MAP kinase cascade, such as Ste11, Ste7 and Fus3. More than 20 years ago, the first set of scaffold proteins were discovered, which assemble components of diverse pathways at the plasma membrane or subcellular compartments. How can signaling proteins interact with the correct partners and avoid wrong proteins? One principle is that cells achieve well in the signal transduction networks by tethering subset proteins in space and time. With maintained up-to-date data, ScaPD ( ) will be a valuable resource for understanding how individual signaling pathways are regulated.Ībout 10% of proteins expressed in human cells are involved in the signal transduction. Manually curated and predicted scaffold protein data will be a foundation for further investigation of the scaffold protein in the signal transduction. The database allows users to search, navigate and download the scaffold protein-mediated signaling networks. It currently contains 273 scaffold proteins and 1118 associated signaling pathways. Here, we have developed a user-friendly database, ScaPD, to describe computationally predicted, experimentally validated scaffold proteins and associated signaling pathways. While many databases document the signaling pathways, few databases are devoted to the scaffold proteins that medicate signal transduction. Scaffold proteins play a critical role in an increasing number of biological signaling processes, including simple tethering mechanism, regulating selectivity in pathways, shaping cellular behaviors.
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